var nc = 12, fc = new Array(nc); fc[0] = {t:"work song",d:"Communal song that synchronized group tasks. (page 272)"}; fc[1] = {t:"ring shout",d:"Religious dance of African American slaves, performed with hand clapping and a shuffle step to spirituals. (page 272)"}; fc[2] = {t:"spiritual",d:"Folklike devotional genre of the United States, sung by African Americans and whites. (page 272)"}; fc[3] = {t:"blue note",d:"A slight drop of pitch on the third, fifth, or seventh note of the scale, common in blues and jazz. Also bent pitch. (page 272)"}; fc[4] = {t:"New Orleans jazz",d:"Early jazz style characterized by multiple improvisations in an ensemble of cornet (or trumpet), clarinet (or saxophone), trombone, piano, double bass (or tuba), banjo (or guitar), and drums; repertory included blues, ragtime, and popular songs. (page 272)"}; fc[5] = {t:"ragtime",d:"Late nineteenth-century piano style created by African Americans, characterized by highly syncopated melodies; also played in ensemble arrangements. Contributed to early jazz styles. (page 272)"}; fc[6] = {t:"scat-singing",d:"A jazz style that sets syllables without meaning (vocables) to an improvised vocal line. (page 272)"}; fc[7] = {t:"chorus",d:"Fairly large group of singers who perform together, usually with several on each part. Also a choral movement of a large-scale work. In jazz, a single statement of the melodic-harmonic pattern. (page 273)"}; fc[8] = {t:"swing",d:"Jazz term coined to describe Louis Armstrong's style; more commonly refers to big band jazz. (page 273)"}; fc[9] = {t:"big-band era",d:"See Swing Era. (page 273)"}; fc[10] = {t:"bebop",d:"Complex jazz style developed in the 1940s. Also bop. (page 275)"}; fc[11] = {t:"bop",d:"See bebop. (page 275)"};