var nc = 62, fc = new Array(nc); fc[0] = {t:"violin",d:"Soprano, or highest-ranged, member of the bowed-string instrument family. (page 40)"}; fc[1] = {t:"viola",d:"Bowed-string instrument of middle range; the second-highest member of the violin family. (page 40)"}; fc[2] = {t:"double",d:"To perform the same notes with more than one voice or instrument, either at the same pitch level or an octave higher or lower. (page 40)"}; fc[3] = {t:"violoncello",d:"See cello. (page 40)"}; fc[4] = {t:"cello (also violoncello)",d:"Bowed-string instrument with a middle-to-low range and dark, rich sonority; lower than a viola. (page 40)"}; fc[5] = {t:"double bass",d:"Largest and lowest-pitched member of the bowed string family. Also contrabass or bass viol. (page 40)"}; fc[6] = {t:"contrabass",d:"See double bass. (page 40)"}; fc[7] = {t:"bass viol",d:"See double bass. (page 40)"}; fc[8] = {t:"legato",d:"Smooth and connected; opposite of staccato. (page 40)"}; fc[9] = {t:"staccato",d:"Short, detached notes, marked with a dot above them. (page 40)"}; fc[10] = {t:"pizzicato",d:"Performance direction to pluck a string of a bowed instrument with the finger. (page 40)"}; fc[11] = {t:"vibrato",d:"Small fluctuation of pitch used as an expressive device to intensify a sound. (37("}; fc[12] = {t:"glissando",d:"A rapid slide through pitches of a scale. (page 40)"}; fc[13] = {t:"tremolo",d:"Rapid repetition of a note; can be achieved instrumentally or vocally. (page 41)"}; fc[14] = {t:"trill",d:"Ornament consisting of the rapid alternation between one note and the next. (page 41)"}; fc[15] = {t:"mute",d:"Mechanical device used to muffle the sound of an instrument. (page 41)"}; fc[16] = {t:"harmonics",d:"Individual, pure sounds that are part of any musical tone; in string instruments, crystalline pitches in the very high register, produced by lightly touching a vibrating string at a certain point. (page 41)"}; fc[17] = {t:"harp",d:"Plucked-string instrument, triangular in shape with strings perpendicular to the soundboard. (page 41)"}; fc[18] = {t:"arpeggio",d:"Broken chord in which the individual pitches are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously. (page 41)"}; fc[19] = {t:"guitar",d:"Plucked-string instrument originally made of wood with a hollow, resonating body and a fretted fingerboard; types include acoustic and electric. (page 41)"}; fc[20] = {t:"electric guitar",d:"A guitar designed for electronic amplification. (page 41)"}; fc[21] = {t:"banjo",d:"Plucked-string instrument with round body in the form of a single-headed drum and a long, fretted neck; brought to the Americas by African slaves. (page 41)"}; fc[22] = {t:"flute",d:"Soprano-range woodwind instrument, usually made of metal and held horizontally. (page 42)"}; fc[23] = {t:"piccolo",d:"Smallest woodwind instrument, similar to the flute but sounding an octave higher. (page 42)"}; fc[24] = {t:"oboe",d:"Soprano-range, double-reed woodwind instrument. (page 42)"}; fc[25] = {t:"English horn",d:"Double-reed woodwind instrument, larger and lower in range than the oboe. (page 42)"}; fc[26] = {t:"bell",d:"The wide or bulbed opening at the end of a wind instrument. (page 42)"}; fc[27] = {t:"clarinet",d:"Single-reed woodwind instrument with a wide range of sizes. (page 43)"}; fc[28] = {t:"bass clarinet",d:"Woodwind instrument, with the lowest range, of the clarinet family. (page 43)"}; fc[29] = {t:"bassoon",d:"Double-reed woodwind instrument with a low range. (page 43)"}; fc[30] = {t:"contrabassoon",d:"Double-reed woodwind instrument with the lowest range in the woodwind family. Also double bassoon. (page 43)"}; fc[31] = {t:"saxophone",d:"Family of single-reed woodwind instruments commonly used in wind and jazz bands. (page 43)"}; fc[32] = {t:"embouchure",d:"The placement of the lips, lower facial muscles, and jaws in playing a wind instrument. (page 43)"}; fc[33] = {t:"trumpet",d:"Highest-pitched brass instrument that changes pitch by means of valves. (page 43)"}; fc[34] = {t:"French horn",d:"See horn. (page 43)"}; fc[35] = {t:"trombone",d:"Tenor-range brass instrument that changes pitch by means of valves. (page 43)"}; fc[36] = {t:"tuba",d:"Bass-range brass instrument that changes pitch by means of valves. (page 43)"}; fc[37] = {t:"cornet",d:"Valved brass instrument similar to the trumpet but more mellow in sound. (page 44)"}; fc[38] = {t:"bugle",d:"Brass instrument that evolved from the earlier military, or field, trumpet. (page 44)"}; fc[39] = {t:"fluegelhorn",d:"Valved brass instrument resembling a bugle with a wide bell, used in jazz and commercial music. (page 44)"}; fc[40] = {t:"euphonium",d:"Tenor-range brass instrument resembling the tuba. (page 44)"}; fc[41] = {t:"sousaphone",d:"Brass instrument adapted from the tuba with a forward bell that is coiled to rest over the player's shoulder for ease of carrying while marching. (page 44)"}; fc[42] = {t:"timpani",d:"Percussion instrument consisting of a hemispheric copper shell with a head of plastic or calfskin, held in place by a metal ring and played with soft or hard padded sticks. A pedal mechanism changes the tension of the head, and with it the pitch. Also kettledrums. (page 44)"}; fc[43] = {t:"kettledrums",d:"See timpani. (page 44)"}; fc[44] = {t:"xylophone",d:"Percussion instrument with tuned blocks of wood suspended on a frame, laid out in the shape of a keyboard and struck with hard mallets."}; fc[45] = {t:"marimba",d:"Percussion instrument, a mellower version of the xylophone; of African origin. (page 45)"}; fc[46] = {t:"vibraphone",d:"A percussion instrument with metal bars and electrically driven rotating propellers under each bar that produces a vibrato sound, much used in jazz. (page 45)"}; fc[47] = {t:"glockenspiel",d:"Percussion instrument with horizontal, tuned steel bars of various sizes that are struck with mallets and produce a bright metallic sound. (page 45)"}; fc[48] = {t:"celesta",d:"Percussion instrument resembling a miniature upright piano, with tuned metal plates struck by hammers that are operated by a keyboard. (page 45)"}; fc[49] = {t:"chimes",d:"Percussion instrument of definite pitch consisting of a set of tuned metal tubes of various lengths suspended from a frame and struck with a hammer. (page 45)"}; fc[50] = {t:"side drum",d:"See snare drum. (page 45)"}; fc[51] = {t:"bass drum",d:"Percussion instrument played with a large, soft-headed stick; the largest orchestral drum. (page 45)"}; fc[52] = {t:"tom-tom",d:"Cylindrical drum without snares. (page 45)"}; fc[53] = {t:"tambourine",d:"Percussion instrument consisting of a small round drum with metal plates inserted in its rim; played by striking or shaking. (page 45)"}; fc[54] = {t:"castanets",d:"Percussion instruments consisting of small wooden clappers that are struck together; widely used to accompany Spanish dancing. (page 45)"}; fc[55] = {t:"triangle",d:"Percussion instrument consisting of a slender rod of steel bent in the shape of a triangle, struck with a steel beater. (page 45)"}; fc[56] = {t:"cymbals",d:"Percussion instruments consisting of two large circular brass plates of equal size that are struck sideways against each other. (page 45)"}; fc[57] = {t:"gong",d:"Percussion instrument consisting of a broad, circular metal disk suspended on a frame and struck with a heavy mallet; produces a definite pitch. See also tam-tam. (page 45)"}; fc[58] = {t:"tam-tam",d:"A flat gong of indefinite pitch. See also gong. (page 45)"}; fc[59] = {t:"piano",d:"Keyboard instrument whose strings are struck with hammers controlled by a keyboard mechanism; pedals control dampers in the strings that stop the sound when the finger releases the key. (page 46)"}; fc[60] = {t:"organ",d:"Wind instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by mechanical means; the pipes are controlled by two or more keyboards and a set of pedals. (page 46)"}; fc[61] = {t:"harpsichord",d:"Early Baroque keyboard instrument in which the strings are plucked by quills instead of being struck with hammers like the piano. (page 46)"};