fado: Literally "fate", a song genre
closely associated with Lisbon and popular
within Portuguese expatriate communities.
Fairuz:
Famous Lebanese singer who performs with instrumental
ensembles
of both Arab and Western instruments.
fais-dodo: A Cajun term meaning dance music as well as the dance halls where such music is performed.
Falcon, Joe: Famous Cajun accordionist (1900-1965).
falsetto:
A special high register
above the normal male singing range.
fancy shawl dance: A more recent and virtuosic
Shawl dance performed by Native American
women.
fancy war dance: A more recent and virtuosic
War dance performed by Native American men.
fasola: See shape-note.
fiddle: A name used for the violin
in the context of a wide range of Euro-American folk
and vernacular musics.
fieldwork:
Research conducted while living among the people one is studying.
figures: A stereotyped motion that is part
of a given dance such as the dos-a-dos in square dancing or the polka-step (one-two-three-hop).
Filè:
A contemporary band that includes Cajun
and zydeco
musicians.
fixed
form: A musical form
in which aspects of its content are predetermined.
fixed
tuning: The singing or playing of music
at a pitch level determined in reference to a standard, fixed frequency.
One example is A 440
for Western
orchestra tuning. Contrast with relative
tuning.
flag song: A Native American song performed
during the powwow Flag Ceremony to honor the
American flag.
flute: Aerophones, such as the ney, which are generally tubular and whose air column is
set into vibration by dividing the breath of the player against a sharp
edge. Flutes can be vertical (end blown) or transverse (blown through
a side-hole).
folk music: A category conventionally applied
to styles of music transmitted by
oral tradition and maintained in collective
memory by a group of people. Generally associated with non-professionals
and often regarded as the cultural property of a group of people bounded
by national, social, or ethnic identity, folk music
is often referred to as "traditional music or vernacular music".
form: The structure of a musical piece as established by its
qualities, pitches,
durations and intensities.
Musical forms are typically constructed of distinct sections that are
either repeated or are used to provide contrast with what has come before.
Some basic formal designs include air
and variations, sonata form and strophic
form.
frame drum: A membranophone
with a skin stretched over a round frame, such as the tambourine or Tibetan
rnga.
free aerophones: Aerophones
which act directly on the surrounding air. Examples include the Australian
bullroarer and the reeds in an accordion.
free rhythm: Rhythm can
be described as free when it is not organized around a regular pulse.
frequency: An acoustical term referring to the
number of vibrations occurring per second in a vibrating string or column
of air. Generally measured either in cycles per second [cps] or in Hertz
[Hz] and kilohertz [kHz]. Perception of frequency determines pitch.
friction idiophones: Idiophones
which sound through an object rubbing its surface.
Ft. Washakie: The main city of the Wind
River Shoshone reservation, named after Chief
Washakie.
fundamental: The lowest tone in a harmonic
series, also referred to as the "first harmonic or "first partial,
which determines the perceived pitch of a sound.
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