1. fiogf49gjkf0d fiogf49gjkf0d Liberal revolutionaries in Europe demanded more
representative political institutions and increased liberties.
Why did they fail to achieve these goals? |
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2. fiogf49gjkf0d fiogf49gjkf0d Nationalists in both Germany and Italy were divided between
those who supported the creation of a new nation from
below, through popular movements, and those who preferred
nation building from above. How did these divisions work
themselves out in the process of national unification? |
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3. fiogf49gjkf0d fiogf49gjkf0d Creating a modern nation in Russia entailed the end of
serfdom, whereas in the United States, political leaders from
the North and South debated the place of slavery in the
modern nation-state. In what ways were national debates
about citizenship in these countries shaped by the widespread
practices of bondage in the two economies? |
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4. fiogf49gjkf0d fiogf49gjkf0d The three major European wars (the Crimean War, the
Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War) of this
period were of relatively short duration but they had profound
effects on the international balance of power in Europe.
Which countries emerged stronger from these conflicts, and
which found their interests most damaged? |
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