Chapter Study Outline

  • I. America after the Civil War
    • A. Effects of the war on the nation
      • 1. Questions facing the nation after the war
      • 2. Development in the North
        • a. Morrill Tariff
        • b. National Banking Act
        • c. Subsidies for transcontinental railroad
        • d. Homestead Act of 1862
        • e. Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
      • 3. Impact on the South
        • a. Property destroyed
        • b. Confederate currency and bonds worthless
        • c. Loss of $4 billion that had been invested in labor—the slaves
        • d. Problems of postwar agriculture
        • e. Transformation of southern society
    • B. Special problems of the freedmen
      • 1. Freedmen and the confusion over citizenship
      • 2. Hardships
      • 3. The Freedmen’s Bureau
  • II. Lincoln and Reconstruction
    • A. Lincoln’s lenient 10 percent plan
    • B. Loyal governments not recognized by Congress
    • C. Arguments over Reconstruction
    • D. The Wade-Davis Bill
    • E. Lincoln’s philosophy of Reconstruction
    • F. Lincoln’s assassination
  • III. Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction
    • A. Johnson’s background and personality
    • B. Johnson’s philosophy of Reconstruction
    • C. Johnson’s plan
      • 1. Comparable to Lincoln’s
      • 2. The wealthy excluded from Johnson’s amnesty proclamation
      • 3. Additional requirements for southern states
    • D. Southern states’ response to Johnson’s requirements
  • IV. Southern intransigence
    • A. Southern states had elected many ex-Confederates
    • B. Southern states had passed “black codes“
    • C. In reaction, Radical Republican strength grows in North
  • V. Radical Republican ascendance
    • A. Partisan interests of Radical Republican Reconstruction
      • 1. Support of African American suffrage
      • 2. Disenfranchisement of former Confederates
      • 3. Forfeited rights of southern states
    • B. Johnson’s battle with Congress
      • 1. Johnson’s waning power and influence
      • 2. Johnson’s first veto of Freedmen’s Bureau bill upheld
      • 3. Johnson’s veto of Civil Rights Acts of 1866 overridden
      • 4. Johnson’s veto of revised Freedmen’s Bureau bill overridden
      • 5. The Fourteenth Amendment
        • a. Citizenship rights for all Americans, including African Americans
        • b. Guarantees of due process and equal protection under the law
        • c. Tennessee ratifies first
        • d. Race riots in Memphis and New Orleans
  • VI. Congressional Reconstruction
    • A. Johnson’s loss of public support
      • 1. Midwest speaking tour
      • 2. Huge veto-proof Republican gains in 1866 election
    • B. Congress moves to limit Johnson’s power
      • 1. Command of the Army Act
      • 2. Tenure of Office Act
    • C. Other measures of Congressional Reconstruction
      • 1. Military Reconstruction Act
      • 2. Second Reconstruction Act
      • 3. Congress protects its program from Supreme Court
  • VII. Impeachment and trial of Johnson
    • A. Johnson’s removal of secretary of war Edwin Stanton
      • 1. Violation of Tenure of Office Act
    • B. House of Representatives impeaches Johnson
    • C. Senate trial fails to convict
    • D. Effects on Radicals and Johnson
  • VIII. Republican rule in the South
    • A. New governments established in southern states
    • B. Georgia’s readmission rescinded
    • C. Fifteenth Amendment protects right to vote
    • D. The Union League
    • E. Blacks in the Reconstructed South
      • 1. Faced animosity from white southerners as well as northerners
      • 2. Effects of military service
      • 3. Separate churches
      • 4. Black families
      • 5. Black schools
      • 6. African Americans in southern politics
        • a. Blacks in high positions
        • b. Extent of black influence in Reconstruction governments
    • F. White Republicans in the South
      • 1. Carpetbaggers
      • 2. Scalawags
    • G. The Republican record
      • 1. Achievements
      • 2. Corruption
  • IX. Religion and Reconstruction
    • A. Christians for racial justice
    • B. “Apostles of forgiveness“
    • C. Differing religious perspectives
  • X. Grant administration
    • A. Positions of parties in the 1868 election
    • B. Grant’s unwise cabinet appointments
    • C. The government’s debt
      • 1. Debate over monetary expansion versus monetary restriction
      • 2. Public Credit Act (1869)
        • a. Greenbacks withdrawn from circulation
        • b. Debt to be paid with gold
    • D. Scandals in Grant’s administration
      • 1. Jay Gould and Jim Fisk and the gold market
      • 2. The Crédit Mobilier scandal
      • 3. Other scandals
  • XI. Further challenges to the Grant administration
    • A. Southern resistance to “Radical rule“
    • B. Formation of Ku Klux Klan
    • B. Terrorist activities of Klan and similar groups
    • C. Prosecution of such groups under new federal laws
    • D. Republican reformers and the election of 1872
    • E. Conservative resurgence
      • 1. Ku Klux Klan weakened black and Republican morale
      • 2. Diminished northern commitment to ideals of Reconstruction
      • 3. Collapse of Republican control and Radical Republican regimes
    • F. The beginning of the panic of 1873
    • G. The Specie Resumption Act of 1875
  • XII. The election of 1876
    • A. Republicans nominate Rutherford B. Hayes
    • B. Democrats nominate Samuel J. Tilden
    • C. Tone of the campaigns
    • D. Disputed electoral vote count
      • 1. Congress forms special Electoral Commission to resolve
    • E. The Compromise of 1877
      • 1. Election goes to Hayes
      • 2. Reconstruction ends with last federal troops withdrawn from South
    • F. The legacy of Reconstruction