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America: A Narrative History, Brief 9e
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Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Intro
1
2
3
4
Intro
5
6
7
8
Intro
9
10
11
12
13
Intro
14
15
16
17
Intro
18
19
20
21
Intro
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Intro
29
30
31
32
33
34
Chapter 1: The Collision of Cultures
Chapter 2: Britain and Its Colonies
Chapter 3: Colonial Ways of Life
Chapter 4: From Colonies to States
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Chapter 5: The American Revolution
Chapter 6: Shaping a Federal Union
Chapter 7: The Federalist Era
Chapter 8: The Early Republic
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Chapter 9: The Dynamics of Growth
Chapter 10: Nationalism and Sectionalism
Chapter 11: The Jacksonian Era
Chapter 12: The Old South
Chapter 13: Religion, Romanticism, and Reform
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Chapter 14: An Empire in the West
Chapter 15: The Gathering Storm
Chapter 16: The War of the Union
Chapter 17: Reconstruction: North and South
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Chapter 18: Big Business and Organized Labor
Chapter 19: The South and the West Transformed
Chapter 20: The Emergence of Urban America
Chapter 21: Gilded Age Politics and Agrarian Reform
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Chapter 22: Seizing an American Empire
Chapter 23: "Making the World Over": The Progressive Era
Chapter 24: America and the Great War
Chapter 25: An "Epoch of Confusion": the 1920s
Chapter 26: Republican Resurgence and Decline
Chapter 27: The New Deal America
Chapter 28: The Second World War
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Chapter 29: The Fair Deal and Containment
Chapter 30: The 1950s: Affluence and the Atomic Age
Chapter 31: New Frontiers: Political and Social Change in the 1960s
Chapter 32: Rebellion and Reaction: the 1960s and 1970s
Chapter 33: A Conservative Realignment: 1977-1990
Chapter 34: America in a New Millenium
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In This Chapter
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Chapter 12
The Old South
Chapter Study Outline
I. Myth and reality in the Old South
A. Southern mythology
1.
Gone with the Wind
vs.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
B. Southern distinctiveness: differences from other U.S. regions
1. Environmental factors
a. Geography
b. The weather
2. The presence of slavery
3. High percentage of native-born population
4. Architecture, penchant for the military, agrarian ideal
5. Preponderance of farming
C. Diversity within the South
1. Lower
a. Dependence on cotton production and slave labor
b. Led efforts to transport slavery west
2. Middle
a. More diversified agricultural economy
b. Large areas without slavery
3. Upper (or border)
a. Fewer slaves than other parts of the South
b. Moral ambivalence about slavery
D. Southern religion
1. Dominance of Protestantism
2. Defense of slavery by ministers
E. Staple crops and agricultural variety
1. Cotton
a. Most profitable cash crop
2. Tobacco in Upper South
a. First staple crop of the South
3. Indigo
a. Once significant, but vanished during Colonial Era
4. Rice in tidewater area
a. Primarily in the Carolinas and Georgia
5. Sugar along the lower Mississippi River
6. Voracious demand for cotton
7. The reality of high proportions of other agricultural products
a. Grains, potatoes, and general crops
b. Livestock
8. Exhaustion of the soil
F. Manufacturing and trade
1. South far less industrialized than the North
2. Factors limiting southern industrial development
a. Traditional claims
(1) Claims that blacks were unsuited to factory work
(2) Contention that aristocratic prestige precluded trade ventures
b. Profitability of slaves and cotton reducing motivation for industrialization
II. White society in the South
A. The planter elite
1. Definition of planter
2. Percentage of the southern population
3. The plantation mistress
B. The white middle class
1. Who was middle class?
2. The yeomanry—largest group of whites
3. General style of life
C. Poor whites
1. Who were they?
2. The “lazy diseases“
D. Honor and violence in the Old South
III. Black society in the South
A. Growth of slave population and value
1. Development of the institution of slavery
B. Free blacks
1. Methods of obtaining freedom
2. Occupations
C. Slaves
1. Domestic slave trade replaces foreign slave trade
2. Rural vs. urban slavery
3. The experience of slave women
a. Motherhood
b. Labor
c. Sexual abuse
(1) Celia, a slave girl
(a) White owner attacked her repeatedly
(b) She killed him and was executed
4. The slave family and community
a. Lack of legal status for slave marriages
b. The importance of the nuclear family
c. The significance of the larger African American community
5. African American religion and folklore
a. Syncretic nature of the religion
b. Value, purpose, and role of religion
6. Slave rebellions
a. Challenges of rebellion
b. 1811 slave revolt
c. Denmark Vesey
d. Nat Turner
e. Safer forms of resistance
IV. The culture of the southern frontier
A. The Old Southwest
1. Largely unsettled until 1820s
2. A “land of promise“
B. The decision to migrate
1. For men, East had decreasing economic opportunity
2. Women hesitant to move
a. White and black women underrepresented among migrants
3. Forced migration for slaves
a. Harsh conditions
b. Break-up of families
C. A masculine culture
1. Violence and alcoholism
2. Abuse of women