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There are no animations for this chapter. See the additional resources below.

Additional Resources

The abundance of geology-related websites speaks to the active and exciting nature of this field. In the space below we link to external websites that explore topics covered in this chapter.

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Wandering Planet Animation
Earth, Mars, and Jupiter are shown in orbit around the Sun. Seen from an alternate geocentric perspective, Mars and Jupiter show retrograde motion as Earth overtakes them in orbit. A telescopic view shows moons in orbit around Jupiter, evidence used by Galileo to challenge the Ptolemaic belief that all heavenly bodies revolve around the Earth.
Pole Star Animation
This animation shows how the stars move across the night sky as seen from various observation points on Earth. The "Trace View" presents a time-lapse image that tracks a representative sample of stars as they move around the North Star.
Doppler Effect Animation
The everyday phenomenon examined here is an essential principle underlying the Hubble's Expanding Universe theory; one could say its application shed light on fundamental questions about changes to the size of the Universe over time.
Solar System Formation
This animation shows the collapse of a rotating dust cloud to form a solar system with a central star and orbiting planets. The angular velocity vector is yellow. Escape of light elements to the outer regions occurs immediately after the collapse phase.
The Hadean Eon
Discusses the principal geological events that happened during the Hadean, the earliest interval of geologic time.
JSC Digital Image Collection
This site provides access to photos of the Earth taken by astronauts in orbit.
Origins: History of the Universe
This series of illustrations shows stages in the formation of the Universe.
Red Shift Animation
This animation demonstrates the Doppler effect as applied to light by simulating the effect of a star's velocity upon the starlight as viewed from Earth. Use the horizontal scrollbar to change the star's velocity. Notice the red shift as the star recedes from you, and the blue shift as it moves toward you. The greater the star's speed, the greater the spectral shift.