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Soil Equilibria: What Happens to Acid Rain? Module written by G. C. Lisensky, R. Hulet, M. Beug, and S. Anthony Quicktime Movies and Mathcad files by G. C. Lisensky |
Session 1: How is acid rain formed?
Exploration 1A: How is acid rain formed?
Combustion
Exploration 1B: How do power plants and automobile emissions affect lakes
and cities?
Experimental Design
Exploration 1C: What are the problems caused by acid rain?
Literature Research
Making the Link: What happens to the oxides of sulfur and nitrogen formed
by combustion?
External Links (National Environment Ministries and Agencies)
Session 2: What is an acid?
Exploration 2A: What household products behave like acid rain?
Chemical Classification
Exploration 2B: How do we identify acids from a chemical formula?
Strong and weak acids and bases
Exploration 2C: What is pH?
pH
Making the Link: What is an acid?
Session 3: What is the pH of normal rain?
Exploration 3A: How do systems respond to stress?
Equilibria and Le Châtelier's Principle
Exploration 3B: What is the pH of normal rain?
Equilibrium Calculations
Exploration 3C: Is there a faster way to calculate pH?
Logarithmic Concentration Diagrams
Exploration 3D: How can we solve simultaneous equations without approximations?
Mathcad equation solving
Making the Link: How do you predict the pH of a weak acid?
Session 4: How does acid rain interact with soil?
Exploration 4A: How does acid rain interact with soil?
Ion exchange of acidic and basic cations
Tetrahedral and Octahedral Coordination
Layered Mineral Structures (Octahedral
and tetrahedral sheets)
Building the Phyllosilicates
http://pubpages.unh.edu/~harter/crystal.htm
Mineral Web (requires Chime plug-in)
http://www.minweb.co.uk/
Virtual Museum of Minerals and Molecules (requires Chime plug-in)
See the phyllosilicates and tectosilicates
in the Silicate Gallery
See Soil Organic Matter for a model with
humic acid, soil protein, and soil saccharides
http://www.soils.wisc.edu/virtual_museum
or http://www.soils.umn.edu/virtual_museum/
Exploration 4B: How does ion exchange work?
Ion exchange column
Exploration 4C: How does ion-exchange protect soils from acid rain?
Buffers
Exploration 4D: What happens when the buffer runs out?
Acid base titrations
Exploration 4E: Polyprotic Acids and Bases
Mathcad graphs based on alpha-fractions
Making the Link: Has this area been affected by acid rain?
Session 5: Is this soil nutritious or toxic?
Exploration 5A: Are all soils the same?
CEC and Base Saturation
World Reference Base for Soil Resources
ftp://ftp.fao.org/AGL/agll/wrb/wrbdom.gif
(World map)
http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/mapindex.stm
(Definitions)
http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/prosoil/acid.htm
(Acid soils)
Global Assessment of Terrestrial Ecosystem Sensitivity to Acidic
Deposition
http://www.sei.se/dload/seiy/globalassess.pdf
(Appendix I has CEC and Base Saturation values for soil types)
http://www.sei.se/rapidc/pdfs/Acidification.PDF
(World map)
Exploration 5B: Will aluminum be mobilized?
Aluminum toxicity
Exploration 5C: What is my soil's cation exchange capacity?
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Exploration 5D: What is my soil's base saturation?
EDTA Titrations
Exploration 5E: Metals and Ligands
Mathcad graphs based on delta-fractions
Making the Link: Is this soil nutritious or toxic?
Session 6: What are the critical problems in your region?
Emissions and Deposition
External Links (National Environment Ministries
and Agencies)
Equilibrium Constants
Collecting Soil Samples
Mathcad Corrections for Ionic Strength
Copyright © 2004 by the trustees of Beloit College and the Regents of the
University of California. This Module has been
developed under the direction of the ChemLinks Coalition, headed by Beloit College,
and the ModularChem Consortium, headed by the University of California at Berkeley.
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation
grants No. DUE-9455918 and DUE-9455924. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions
or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, Beloit
College, or the Regents of the University of California.
Published through exclusive license with W.
W. Norton.
Soil Equilibria: What Happens to Acid Rain? ISBN 0-393-92437-8
What Happens to Acid Rain? | ChemConnections