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caitya barrel-vaulted Buddhist shrine
calvarium skull cap
causewayed camp a Neolithic enclosure characteristic of southern Britain, with one or more circuits of ditches interrupted by undug areas, or causeways
chiefdom a society of several thousand individuals organized on institutionalized lines of hierarchical lineages ruled over by a chief
chinampa gardens constructed in a shallow lakebed, exemplified by the Aztec fields of Tenochtitlán
chryselephantine made of gold and ivory
Chunqiu "Spring and Autumn Annals," history of the state of Lu during the Warring States period in China, by Confucius
ciudadela Spanish term meaning "citadel," applied for example to the unfortified royal complexes of the Chimu empire, Peru
clade group with a common ancestor, i.e., a single evolutionary branch
coalescence the appearance of specific genotypes in mitochondrial DNA
codex (pl. codices) accordion-fold books used by Mesoamerican peoples, made of bark paper or animal parchment pages sized with washes of lime plaster and enclosed in wooden covers
cognitive archaeology the study of past ways of thought and symbolic structures from material remains
colluvial slope one in which the soil has been washed down to its base
cong ceremonial jade tube with square or circular cross-section, often elaborately carved
corbeled vaulting roofing technique wherein each higher level of stones slightly overhangs the previous one, eventually meeting at the top under a capstone
cordillera system of mountain ranges, often consisting of more or less parallel chains; used often to refer to the Andean range
core parent rock from which flakes are detached
cultural ecology an approach to the study of human society which argues that change results in large part from the response of human societies to the challenges and opportunities of their environments
cuneiform a form of script used in Southwest Asia during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age; literally, "wedge-shaped"
cupellation method of obtaining silver ore involving the blowing of air across a crucible of molten silver-bearing lead, first developed in the 3rd millennium BC in the Cycladic islands of Greece
cupule cup-shaped vegetal wrapping that holds the kernels of an ear of maize
cyclopean masonry style of building characteristic of Mycenaean sites, using massive, roughly cut stones, uncoursed, the interstices randomly filled with smaller stones
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